The four economists wanted to  create a new currency that was stable,
 dependable and trustworthy.  The  only catch: This currency would not 
be real.  No coins, no bills.  It  was fake.
"We called it a Unit of  Real Value — URV," Bacha says. "It was virtual; it didn't exist in  fact."
People
 would still  have and use the existing currency, the cruzeiro.  But 
everything would be listed in  URVs, the fake currency.   Their wages 
would be listed in URVs.  Taxes  were in URVs.  All prices were listed 
in URVs. And URVs were kept  stable — what changed was how many 
cruzeiros each URV was worth.
                           
Say, for 
example, that milk costs 1 URV. On a  given day, 1 URV might be worth 10
 cruzeiros. A month later, milk would  still cost 1 URV. But that 1 URV 
might be worth 20 cruzeiros.
                           
The idea was that  people would start thinking in URVs — and stop expecting prices to  always go up.
[ ... ]
And, basically,  inflation did end, and the country's economy turned 
around. In the years  that followed, Brazil became a major exporter, and
 20 million people  rose out of poverty.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
