Ronald Bailey reports for Reason.com
  
 The more scientifically literate you are, the more certain you are that  climate change is either a catastrophe or a hoax, according to a new study [PDF]  from the Yale Cultural Cognition Project. 
 
Many science writers and policy wonks nurse the fond hope that fierce  disagreement about issues like climate change is simply the result of a  scientifically illiterate American public. If this “public irrationality thesis”  were correct, the authors of the Yale study write, “then skepticism about  climate change could be traced to poor public comprehension about science” and  the solution would be more science education. In fact, their findings suggest  more education is unlikely to help build consensus; it may even intensify the  debate.
 
Led by Yale University law professor Dan Kahan, the Cultural Cognition  Project has been researching how cultural and ideological commitments shape  science policy discourse in the United States. To probe the public’s views on  climate change, the Yale researchers conducted a survey of 1,500 Americans in  which they asked questions designed to uncover their cultural values, their  level of scientific literacy, and what they thought about the risks of climate  change.
 
The group uses a theory of cultural commitments devised by University  of California, Berkeley, political scientist Aaron Wildavsky that “holds that  individuals can be expected to form perceptions of risk that reflect and  reinforce values that they share with others.” The Wildavskyan schema situates  Americans’ cultural values on two scales, one that ranges from Individualist to  Communitarian and another that goes from Hierarchy to Egalitarian. In general,  Hierarchical folks prefer a social order where people have clearly defined roles  and lines of authority. Egalitarians want to reduce racial, gender, and income  inequalities. Individualists expect people to succeed or fail on their own,  while Communitarians believe that society is obligated to take care of  everyone.
 
The researchers report that people whose values are located in  Individualist/Hierarchy spaces “can be expected to be skeptical of claims of  environmental and technological risks. Such people, according to the theory,  intuitively perceive that widespread acceptance of such claims would license  restrictions on commerce and industry, forms of behavior that  Hierarchical/Individualists value.” On the other hand Egalitarian/Communitarians  “tend to be morally suspicious of commerce and industry, which they see as the  source of unjust disparities in wealth and power. They therefore find it  congenial, the theory posits, to see those forms of behavior as dangerous and  thus worthy of restriction.” On this view, then, Egalitarian/Communitarians  would be more worried about climate change risks than would be  Hierarchical/Individualists.