Riots  in Haiti over explosive rises in food costs have claimed the  lives of six  people.  There have also been food riots world-wide in Burkina  Faso,  Cameroon, Cote d'Ivorie, Egypt, Guinea, Mauritania, Mexico, Morocco,   Senegal, Uzbekistan and Yemen. 
 The Economist,  which calls the current crisis the silent tsunami, reports that  last year  wheat prices rose 77% and rice 16%, but since January rice prices have   risen 141%. The reasons include rising fuel costs, weather problems,  increased  demand in China and India, as well as the push to create  biofuels from cereal  crops.
 Hermite Joseph, a  mother working in the markets of Port au Prince,  told journalist Nick  Whalen that her two kids are "like toothpicks" they' re not getting enough  nourishment.  Before, if you had a dollar twenty-five  cents, you  could buy vegetables, some rice, 10 cents of charcoal and a little  cooking  oil. Right now, a little can of rice alone costs 65 cents, and is not good rice  at all.  Oil is 25 cents.  Charcoal  is 25 cents.  With a  dollar twenty-five, you can't even make a plate of rice  for one  child."
 The St. Claire's  Church Food program, in the Tiplas Kazo  neighborhood of Port au Prince,  serves 1000 free meals a day, almost all to  hungry children -- five times  a week in partnership with the What If  Foundation.  Children from  Cite Soleil have been known to walk the five miles to  the church for a  meal. The cost of rice, beans, vegetables, a little meat,  spices, cooking  oil, propane for the stoves, have gone up dramatically. Because  of the  rise in the cost of food, the portions are now smaller.  But hunger is on   the rise and more and more children come for the free meal.  Hungry  adults used  to be allowed to eat the leftovers once all the children were  fed, but now there  are few leftovers.    
 The New York Times  lectured Haiti on April 18 that "Haiti, its  agriculture industry in  shambles, needs to better feed itself."  Unfortunately, the article did not  talk at all about one of  the main causes of the shortages -- the fact that  the U.S. and other  international financial bodies destroyed Haitian rice  farmers to create a major  market for the heavily subsidized rice from U.S.  farmers.  This is not the only  cause of hunger in Haiti and other  poor countries, but it is a major force.
 Thirty years ago,  Haiti raised nearly all the rice it needed.  What happened?   
 In 1986, after the  expulsion of Haitian dictator Jean Claude "Baby Doc"  Duvalier the  International Monetary Fund (IMF) loaned Haiti $24.6 million in   desperately needed funds (Baby Doc had raided the treasury on the way  out).   But, in order to get the IMF loan, Haiti was required to  reduce tariff  protections for their Haitian rice and other agricultural  products and some  industries to open up the country's markets to  competition from outside  countries.  The U.S. has by far the largest  voice in decisions of the IMF.
 Doctor Paul Farmer  was in Haiti then and saw what happened.  "Within less than  two  years, it became impossible for Haitian farmers to compete with what they   called 'Miami rice.'  The whole local rice market in Haiti fell apart  as  cheap, U.S. subsidized rice, some of it in the form of 'food aid,'  flooded  the market. There was violence, 'rice wars,' and lives were lost."  
 "American rice  invaded the country," recalled Charles Suffrard,  a leading rice grower in  Haiti in an interview with the Washington Post in 2000.   By 1987 and  1988, there was so much rice coming into the country that many  stopped  working the land. 
 Fr. Gerard  Jean-Juste, a Haitian priest who has been the pastor at  St. Claire and an  outspoken human rights advocate, agrees.  "In the 1980s,  imported  rice poured into Haiti, below the cost of what our farmers could  produce  it.  Farmers lost their businesses.  People from the countryside  started  losing their jobs and moving to the cities.  After a few  years of cheap imported rice, local production went way down."
 Still the  international business community was not satisfied.  In  1994, as a  condition for U.S. assistance in returning to Haiti to resume his  elected  Presidency, Jean-Bertrand Aristide was forced by the U.S., the IMF, and   the World Bank to open up the markets in Haiti even more.
 But, Haiti is the  poorest country in the Western Hemisphere, what reason could  the U.S. have  in destroying the rice market of this tiny country?   
 Haiti is  definitely poor.  The U.S. Agency for International Development reports   the annual per capita income is less than $400.   The United  Nations reports  life expectancy in Haiti is 59, while in the US it is  78.  Over 78% of Haitians  live on less than $2 a day, more than half  live on less than $1 a day. 
 Yet Haiti has  become one of the very top importers of rice from the  U.S.  The U.S.  Department of Agriculture 2008 numbers show Haiti is the third  largest  importer of US rice - at over 240,000 metric tons of rice.  (One metric ton  is 2200 pounds). 
 Rice is a heavily  subsidized business in the U.S.  Rice subsidies in  the U.S. totaled  $11 billion from 1995 to 2006.  One producer alone, Riceland  Foods  Inc of Stuttgart Arkansas, received over $500 million dollars in rice   subsidies between 1995 and 2006.  
 The Cato Institute  recently reported that rice is one of the most  heavily supported  commodities in the U.S. -- with three different subsidies  together  averaging over $1 billion a year since 1998 and projected to average  over  $700 million a year through 2015. The result?  "Tens of millions of rice   farmers in poor countries find it hard to lift their families out of  poverty  because of the lower, more volatile prices caused by the  interventionist  policies of other countries."
 In addition to  three different subsidies for rice farmers in the  U.S., there are also  direct tariff barriers of 3 to 24 percent, reports Daniel  Griswold of the  Cato Institute -- the exact same type of protections, though much higher, that  the U.S. and the IMF  required Haiti to eliminate in the 1980s and  1990s.
 U.S. protection  for rice farmers goes even further. A 2006 story in  the Washington Post  found that the federal government has paid at least $1.3  billion in  subsidies for rice and other crops since 2000 to individuals who do  no  farming at all; including $490,000 to a Houston surgeon who owned land near   Houston that once grew rice.  
 And it is not only  the Haitian rice farmers who have been hurt. 
 Paul Farmer saw it  happen to the sugar growers as well.  "Haiti, once the  world's  largest exporter of sugar and other tropical produce to Europe, began   importing even sugar-- from U.S. controlled sugar production in the  Dominican  Republic and Florida.  It was terrible to see Haitian  farmers put out of work.   All this sped up the downward spiral that  led to this month's food riots."
 After the riots  and protests, President Rene Preval of Haiti agreed  to reduce the price of  rice, which was selling for $51 for a 110 pound bag, to $43  dollars for  the next month.   No one thinks a one month fix will do anything but   delay the severe hunger pains a few weeks.
 Haiti is far from  alone in this crisis.  The Economist reports a  billion people  worldwide live on $1 a day.  The US-backed Voice of America  reports  about 850 million people were suffering from hunger worldwide before the   latest round of price increases.
 Thirty three  countries are at risk of social upheaval because of  rising food prices,  World Bank President Robert Zoellick told the Wall Street  Journal.   When countries have many people who spend half to three-quarters of  their  daily income on food, "there is no margin of survival." 
 In the U.S.,  people are feeling the world-wide problems at the gas  pump and in the  grocery.  Middle class people may cut back on extra trips or on  high  price cuts of meat.  The number of people on food stamps in the US is at an   all-time high. But in poor countries, where malnutrition and hunger were  widespread before  the rise in prices, there is nothing to cut back on  except eating.  That leads  to hunger riots.
 In the short term,  the world community is sending bags of rice to  Haiti.  Venezuela sent  350 tons of food.  The US just pledged $200 million extra  for  worldwide hunger relief.  The UN is committed to distributing more  food.
 What can be done  in the medium term?  The US provides much of the  world's food aid,  but does it in such a way that only half of the dollars  spent actually  reach hungry people.   US law requires that food aid be purchased   from US farmers, processed and bagged in the US and shipped on US vessels  --  which cost 50% of the money allocated.  A simple change in US law  to allow some  local purchase of commodities would feed many more people  and support local farm  markets.
 In the long run,  what is to be done? The President of Brazil, Luiz  Inacio Lula da Silva,  who visited Haiti last week, said "Rich countries need to reduce farms subsidies  and trade barriers  to allow poor countries to generate income with food  exports.  Either the world  solves the unfair trade system, or every  time there's unrest like in Haiti, we  adopt emergency measures and send a  little bit of food to temporarily ease  hunger."
 Citizens of the  USA know very little about the role of their  government in helping create  the hunger problems in Haiti or other countries.   But there is much  that individuals can do.  People can donate to help feed  individual  hungry people and participate with advocacy organizations like Bread  for  the World or Oxfam to help change the U.S. and global rules which favor the   rich countries.  This advocacy can help countries have a better  chance to feed  themselves.  
 Meanwhile, Merisma  Jean-Claudel, a young high school graduate in  Port-au-Prince told  journalist Wadner Pierre "...people can't buy food.  Gasoline prices are  going up. It is very hard for us over here. The cost of living is the biggest  worry for us, no peace in stomach  means no peace in the mind.¦I wonder if  others will be able to survive the days  ahead because things are very,  very hard."
 "On the ground,  people are very hungry," reported Fr.  Jean-Juste.  "Our country must  immediately open emergency canteens to feed the  hungry until we can get  them jobs.  For the long run, we need to invest in  irrigation,  transportation, and other assistance for our farmers and workers."
 In Port au Prince,  some rice arrived in the last few days.  A school  in Fr. Jean-Juste's  parish received several bags of rice.  They had raw rice  for 1000  children, but the principal still had to come to Father Jean-Juste  asking  for help.  There was no money for charcoal, or oil.
 Jervais Rodman, an  unemployed carpenter with three children, stood  in a long line Saturday in  Port au Prince to get UN donated rice and beans.   When Rodman got the  small bags, he told Ben Fox of the Associated Press, "The beans might last four  days.  The rice will be gone as soon  as I get home."
 Bill  Quigley is a human rights lawyer and law professor at Loyola   University New Orleans. His essay on the Echo 9 nuclear launch site  protests is featured in Red  State Rebels: Tales of Grassroots Resistance from the Heartland, published  by AK Press. He can be reached at quigley77@gmail.com    People  interested in donating to feed children in Haiti should go to  http://www.whatiffoundation.org/   
 People who want to  help change U.S. policy on  agriculture to help combat world-wide hunger  should go to: 
http://www.oxfamamerica.org/ or http://www.bread.org/