Toward a Psycho-Civilized Society              
                          by             David G.              Guyatt
             The background to the              development of anti-personnel electromagnetic weapons can be traced              by to the early-middle 1940's and possibly earlier. The earliest              extant reference, to my knowledge, was contained in the U.S.              Strategic Bombing Survey (Pacific Survey, Military Analysis              Division, Volume 63) which reviewed Japanese research and              development efforts on a "Death Ray." 
             Whilst not reaching the stage of practical              application, research was considered sufficiently promising to              warrant the expenditure of Yen 2 million during the years 1940-1945.              Summarizing the Japanese efforts, allied scientists concluded that a              ray apparatus might be developed that could kill unshielded human              beings at a distance of 5 to 10 miles. Studies demonstrated that,              for example, automobile engines could be stopped by tuned waves as              early as 1943. (1) It is therefore reasonable to              suppose that this technique has been available for a great many              years. Research on living organisms (mice and ground hogs) revealed              that waves from 2 meters to 60 centimeters in length caused              hemorrhage of lungs, whereas waves shorter than two meters destroyed              brain cells. 
             However, experiments in behavior modification and              mind manipulation have a much more grisly past. Nazi doctors at the              Dachau concentration camp conducted involuntary experiments with              hypnosis and narco-hypnosis, using the drug mescaline on inmates.              Additional research was conducted at Aushwitz, using a range of              chemicals including various barbiturates and morphine derivatives.              Many of these experiments proved fatal. 
             Following the conclusion of the war, the U.S. Naval              Technical Mission was tasked with obtaining pertinent industrial and              scientific material that had been produced by the Third Reich and              which may be of benefit to U.S. interests. Following a lengthy              report, the Navy instigated Project CHATTER in 1947. Many of the              Nazi scientists and medical doctors who conducted hideous              experiments were later recruited by the U.S. Army and worked out of              Heidelberg prior to being secretly relocated to the United States              under the Project PAPERCLIP program. Under the leadership of Dr.              Hubertus Strughold, 34 ex-Nazi scientists accepted "Paperclip"              contracts, authorized by the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and were put to              work at Randolph Air Force Base, San Antonio, Texas. By 1953 the              CIA, U.S. Navy and the U.S. Army Chemical Corps were conducting              their own narco-hypnosis programs on unwilling victims that included              prisoners, mental patients, foreigners, ethic minorities and those              classified as sexual deviants. (2) 
             It was not until the middle or late 1970's that the              American public became aware of a series of hitherto secret programs              that had been conducted over the preceding two decades by the              military and intelligence community. (3) Primarily              focusing on narco-hypnosis, these extensive covert programs bore the              project titles MKULTRA, MKDELTA, MKNAOMI, MKSEARCH (MK being              understood to stand for Mind Kontrol), BLUEBIRD, ARTICHOKE and              CHATTER. The principal aim of these and associated programs was the              development of a reliable "programmable" assassin. Secondary aims              were the development of a method of citizen control. (4)
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