India has never succeeded in evolving any sound and effective Kashmir Policy and this is the reason why Kashmir pot remained boiling and also during times it assumed the most alarming proportions. At the time of partition, when the Princely States were acceding to either of the two dominions according to the provisions of Indian Independence Act of 1947, the Congress Leadership of India ignored repeated advices of Lord Mountbatten not to visit Kashmir as it will give a wrong message that India is influencing Maharaja (the then ruler) on the question of accession of the state. Besides Maharaja of Patila, Kaporthala and Faridkot, the President of INC Acharya Kriplani and even Gandhi Ji paid visits to Maharaja. As a result of these visits Pakistan set aside the Stand Still Agreement which it had signed with the state. This was followed by Economic Blockade, Poonch Revolt and finally a Tribal Invasion.
Similarly to refer Kashmir issue to UNO in 1948 and file a formal petition in the Security Council under Section 35 of the Chapter VI which relates to the “Pacific Settlement of Disputes” and not under Chapter VII which deals with the “Acts of Aggression”, also proved highly counter productive. It is this UN petition which is a testimonial to the fact that Kashmir issue constitutes a dispute. The third mistake on part of India was that what ever the gains it achieved in 1971 War, were lost when she failed miserably to make Pakistan to accept the Cease Fire Line of Kashmir as an agreed International Border. Pakistani President Mr. Bhutto succeeded not only to get Pakistani territory vacated and their prisoners released, but even kept the future of Kashmir wide open after signing the Shimla Agreement of 1972.
The betrayal of most popular nationalist leader of Kashmir Sheikh Muhammad Abdullah who was highly influenced by the secular ideals and democratic values of Congress Leadership of India, the systematic and gradual erosion of autonomy of J&K granted under Article 370 of the Indian Constitution, the installation of unpopular governments through undemocratic methods, the suppression of people demanding their basic amenities and then labeling them as extremists and terrorists, resulted in the complete alienation of Kashmiris from the Indian Nation. This continuous and growing dissatisfaction ultimately burst into flames in 1990 and resulted in the complete mass upsurge against India. The situation reached a point that it became the question of re-establishing India's writ over Kashmir. Although the role of some other external internal factors can not be ignored in the emergence of Kashmir crises, yet it is mostly the result of that wrong policy of the government of India, were they always considered the instrument of “Accession of Kashmir” as an “Instrument of Their Conquest”,
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